How to Change a Stoma Bag: A Simple Step-by-Step Routine

Changing a stoma bag soon becomes routine. Here is a simple step-by-step guide based on NHS stoma care leaflets, plus when to speak to your stoma nurse.

Updated · 5 min read

Illustration of a stoma pouch, scissors, a measuring template and warm water bowl

To change a stoma bag, gather everything first, gently peel off the old bag from the top down while supporting your skin, clean around the stoma with warm water, pat the skin completely dry, then press the new bag on firmly with the opening over your stoma. Your stoma nurse will show you the exact routine for your type of stoma and bag, and their advice comes first.

Types of stoma bag

The NHS website describes two main types:

  • One-piece bags have a sticky back that goes around the stoma. You take the whole thing off each time.
  • Two-piece bags have a separate sticky ring (a flange or baseplate) that stays on your skin. You only change the bag, which clips or sticks onto the ring.

Some bags are drainable, so you can empty them into the toilet, and others are closed and need changing when full. People with an ileostomy usually use drainable bags.

What you need for a bag change

A Northern Care Alliance NHS leaflet lists:

  • warm water
  • dry wipes or plain kitchen roll
  • a new stoma bag
  • a disposal bag

You may also use scissors and a measuring template if your bags need cutting to size, and an adhesive remover spray if your stoma nurse recommends it.

Step-by-step routine

1. Get ready

Wash your hands. Have everything within reach before you start. If your new bag needs cutting, cut it to size first. If you have a drainable bag that is part full, empty it into the toilet first.

2. Remove the old bag

Gently peel the old bag off, working from the top down while supporting the skin with your other hand. An adhesive remover can make this more comfortable. Fold the sticky side of the old bag in on itself and put it in the disposal bag.

3. Clean around the stoma

Use dry wipes or kitchen roll to gently wipe away any output. Then clean the skin around the stoma with warm water.

The stoma may bleed slightly when you clean it. The leaflet says this is OK, but rubbing too hard can cause bleeding, so be gentle.

4. Check your stoma and skin

A healthy stoma is usually pink or red and moist. Check the skin around it for soreness or redness.

5. Dry the skin well

Pat the skin completely dry. A new bag will not stick to wet skin.

6. Measure and cut, if needed

If your stoma nurse has given you a template, check it still matches your stoma. Stomas can change size, especially in the first few weeks after surgery. Cut the opening so it fits snugly around the stoma. Some leaflets suggest keeping the backing paper as a template for next time.

7. Put on the new bag

Peel the backing paper off to expose the sticky part. Place the opening over your stoma and press down firmly, smoothing out any creases so it seals well. For a two-piece system, fit the flange first and then attach the bag.

8. Dispose of the old bag

Tie up the disposal bag well and put it in your household bin. Do not flush bags or wipes down the toilet. Wash your hands.

How often to change your bag

It varies from person to person. The Northern Care Alliance leaflet says a colostomy bag usually needs changing when it is a third to half full, which may be once or twice a day. Drainable bags are emptied as needed and changed less often. Your stoma nurse will advise you.

Getting free stoma supplies

If you have a permanent stoma, your GP will give you a prescription for stoma bags, and people with a permanent stoma can get free prescriptions. If your stoma is temporary, the NHS website says you may need to pay for supplies, unless you are exempt from prescription charges for another reason.

You can get supplies from a local pharmacy or a home delivery service, and you can choose which suits you. Order more when you have about a week's supply left.

When to contact your stoma nurse

Speak to your stoma nurse or GP if:

  • the skin around your stoma is sore, broken or itchy
  • your bag keeps leaking
  • your stoma changes colour, for example looks very dark, or changes shape or size
  • you have no output for longer than usual, or your output changes a lot

If you have severe tummy pain, vomiting, or your stoma turns black or purple, get urgent help from 111 or A&E.

Everyday life with a stoma

The NHS website says many people find their daily life improves after stoma surgery, and having a stoma should not stop you living a full and active life. Some practical points it covers:

  • Diet: you will usually need a low-fibre diet while your bowel heals. Later, eating regularly, chewing well and drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent blockages and dehydration.
  • Medicines: some medicines dissolve slowly and may not work as well, so ask your doctor about alternatives such as liquids. Do not stop any prescribed medicine without advice.
  • Work: you can return when you feel well and comfortable looking after your stoma. Talk to your employer if your job involves heavy lifting.
  • Clothes: stoma bags are designed to be discreet, so you should be able to wear your usual clothes.

Support organisations such as Colostomy UK and Crohn's and Colitis UK offer information and advice.

Stoma bag questions

Can I shower with my bag on?

Many people shower with their bag on, and some prefer to shower with it off when changing it. Ask your stoma nurse what suits your bag.

Does it hurt to change a stoma bag?

It should not hurt. If it does, or your skin is sore, speak to your stoma nurse. A different bag or an adhesive remover may help.

Sources

Checked on 14 October 2026:

This guide explains the general rules for staff in England using 2026/27 figures. It is not financial advice. Your employer, payslip or NHS Pensions statement has the final word on your own pay.

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